{"id":14,"date":"2026-10-08T14:38:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T12:38:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svikova.ceduk.eu\/?p=14"},"modified":"2026-10-08T14:55:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T12:55:30","slug":"tucnak-jebest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/svikova.ceduk.eu\/?p=14","title":{"rendered":"Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQvlQnbhLyrIOFFC7WakzGtzNr3urFr07M_zghV-GWmPA&amp;s=10\" alt=\"Na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu se objevil tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k, jeho\u017e domovem je 3000 km vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 Antarktida - Ekolist.cz\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3e\/Emperor_Penguins_%2815885611526%29.jpg?utm_source=cs.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=index&amp;utm_content=original\" alt=\"Aptenodytes \u2013 Wikipedie\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQvlQnbhLyrIOFFC7WakzGtzNr3urFr07M_zghV-GWmPA&amp;s=10\" alt=\"Na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu se objevil tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k, jeho\u017e domovem je 3000 km vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 Antarktida - Ekolist.cz\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed pt\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sv\u00fdm charakteristick\u00fdm \u010dernob\u00edl\u00fdm zbarven\u00edm, vzp\u0159\u00edmenou ch\u016fz\u00ed a schopnost\u00ed v\u00fdborn\u011b plavat. Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny pt\u00e1k\u016f v\u0161ak tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci neum\u011bj\u00ed l\u00e9tat. Jejich k\u0159\u00eddla se b\u011bhem evoluce p\u0159izp\u016fsobila \u017eivotu pod vodou a funguj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e jako ploutve. D\u00edky tomu dok\u00e1\u017eou b\u00fdt ve vod\u011b velmi rychl\u00ed a obratn\u00ed. P\u0159i plav\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddla, zat\u00edmco nohy a ocas jim pom\u00e1haj\u00ed m\u011bnit sm\u011br a udr\u017eovat rovnov\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci \u017eij\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b na ji\u017en\u00ed polokouli. Nejv\u00edce druh\u016f najdeme v okol\u00ed Antarktidy, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy \u017eij\u00ed tak\u00e9 v m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblastech Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky, Afriky, Austr\u00e1lie a na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu. P\u0159ekvapiv\u011b tedy neplat\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161ichni tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci \u017eij\u00ed pouze v mraziv\u00e9 Antarktid\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k galap\u00e1\u017esk\u00fd \u017eije dokonce velmi bl\u00edzko rovn\u00edku. Jednotliv\u00e9 druhy se p\u0159izp\u016fsobily r\u016fzn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, a proto se mezi nimi m\u016f\u017eeme setkat s pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi rozd\u00edly ve velikosti, zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota i chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm druhem je tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd. Dosp\u011bl\u00fd jedinec m\u016f\u017ee m\u011b\u0159it v\u00edce ne\u017e jeden metr a v\u00e1\u017eit n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek kilogram\u016f. Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci c\u00edsa\u0159\u0161t\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde teploty mohou klesat hluboko pod bod mrazu a kde \u010dasto fouk\u00e1 velmi siln\u00fd v\u00edtr. Jejich t\u011blo je proto dokonale p\u0159izp\u016fsobeno k udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed tepla. Maj\u00ed hust\u00e9 pe\u0159\u00ed, silnou vrstvu podko\u017en\u00edho tuku a speci\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsob regulace t\u011blesn\u00e9 teploty. V zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed se \u010dasto shlukuj\u00ed do velk\u00fdch skupin, ve kter\u00fdch se postupn\u011b st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed na okraj\u00edch a uprost\u0159ed kolonie. T\u00edm si navz\u00e1jem pom\u00e1haj\u00ed sni\u017eovat tepeln\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci tr\u00e1v\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota ve vod\u011b. \u017div\u00ed se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rybami, krilem, olihn\u011bmi a dal\u0161\u00edmi drobn\u00fdmi mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi \u017eivo\u010dichy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy dok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy urazit pod vodou zna\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. D\u00edky sv\u00e9mu aerodynamick\u00e9mu t\u011blu se mohou pohybovat velmi rychle a p\u0159i plav\u00e1n\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017eou vyu\u017e\u00edvat r\u016fzn\u00e9 techniky. Kdy\u017e se pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed rychle dostat z vody na led nebo na pevninu, mohou dokonce vysko\u010dit z vody podobn\u011b jako mal\u00fd projektil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci rozmno\u017euj\u00ed a staraj\u00ed o ml\u00e1\u010fata. V obdob\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed se \u010dasto shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed v obrovsk\u00fdch koloni\u00edch, kde mohou \u017e\u00edt tis\u00edce a\u017e statis\u00edce jedinc\u016f. Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci mezi sebou komunikuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch zvuk\u016f a pohyb\u016f t\u011bla. Ka\u017ed\u00fd jedinec m\u00e1 sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed hlasov\u00fd projev, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu se mohou partne\u0159i a rodi\u010de s ml\u00e1\u010faty navz\u00e1jem poznat i v po\u010detn\u00e9 kolonii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f se o vejce staraj\u00ed oba rodi\u010de. V\u00fdrazn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je pr\u00e1v\u011b tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd. Samice naklade jedin\u00e9 vejce a n\u00e1sledn\u011b ho p\u0159ed\u00e1 samci. Samec si vejce polo\u017e\u00ed na nohy a p\u0159ekryje ho speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ko\u017en\u00ed \u0159asou, aby z\u016fstalo v teple. Samice mezit\u00edm odch\u00e1z\u00ed sm\u011brem k mo\u0159i, kde se vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 hledat potravu. Samec b\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 s vejcem a m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez potravy. Kdy\u017e se samice vr\u00e1t\u00ed, rodi\u010de si p\u00e9\u010di o ml\u00e1d\u011b postupn\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed pt\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sv\u00fdm charakteristick\u00fdm \u010dernob\u00edl\u00fdm zbarven\u00edm, vzp\u0159\u00edmenou ch\u016fz\u00ed a schopnost\u00ed v\u00fdborn\u011b plavat. Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny pt\u00e1k\u016f v\u0161ak tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci neum\u011bj\u00ed l\u00e9tat. Jejich k\u0159\u00eddla se b\u011bhem evoluce p\u0159izp\u016fsobila \u017eivotu pod vodou a funguj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e jako ploutve. D\u00edky tomu dok\u00e1\u017eou b\u00fdt ve vod\u011b velmi rychl\u00ed a obratn\u00ed. P\u0159i plav\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazeno"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/svikova.ceduk.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/svikova.ceduk.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/svikova.ceduk.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/svikova.ceduk.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/svikova.ceduk.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/svikova.ceduk.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24,"href":"https:\/\/svikova.ceduk.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14\/revisions\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/svikova.ceduk.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/svikova.ceduk.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/svikova.ceduk.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/svikova.ceduk.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}